{"id":43901,"date":"2024-12-02T10:08:54","date_gmt":"2024-12-02T09:08:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/betoff.eu\/?p=43901"},"modified":"2024-12-02T10:10:34","modified_gmt":"2024-12-02T09:10:34","slug":"postup-cisteni-betonovych-sten","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/betoff.eu\/cs\/postup-cisteni-betonovych-sten\/","title":{"rendered":"Postup \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed betonov\u00fdch st\u011bn"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Postup \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed betonov\u00fdch st\u011bn. Vedle vlastnost\u00ed, jako je pevnost konstrukce, dlouh\u00e1 \u017eivotnost, po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed odolnost, akustick\u00e9 vlastnosti a nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba, jsou budovy z betonov\u00e9ho zdiva neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b kr\u00e1sn\u00e9. Kr\u00e1su betonov\u00e9ho zdiva lze udr\u017eet spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm jak b\u011bhem v\u00fdstavby, tak po celou dobu \u017eivotnosti budovy.<\/p>\n<p>Dob\u0159e navr\u017een\u00e1 a postaven\u00e1 zd\u011bn\u00e1 st\u011bna vy\u017eaduje jen velmi malou \u00fadr\u017ebu, i kdy\u017e ne\u010distoty mohou jinak atraktivn\u00ed stavb\u011b ubrat na atraktivit\u011b. Obvykle je nutn\u00e9 vy\u010distit skvrny od malty, stavebn\u00ed ne\u010distoty a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v\u00fdkv\u011bty z doby v\u00fdstavby. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivotnosti stavby m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, aby se odstranily atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 ne\u010distoty a saze nebo zabarven\u00ed z ur\u010dit\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. Spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm lze odstranit ne\u010distoty a dos\u00e1hnout konzistentn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho vzhledu.<\/p>\n<p>V t\u00e9to TEK je pops\u00e1no n\u011bkolik obecn\u00fdch technik \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou relevantn\u00ed pro \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed cel\u00fdch st\u011bn. Podrobnosti o tom, jak se zbavit skvrn nebo lokalizovan\u00fdch ne\u010distot, najdete v \u010d\u00e1sti Odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed skvrn z betonov\u00e9ho zdiva, TEK 08-02A (ref. 7).<\/p>\n<h2>Postup \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed betonov\u00fdch st\u011bn. PODKLADY<\/h2>\n<p>Betonov\u00e9 zdic\u00ed prvky a malta pou\u017eit\u00e9 ve zd\u011bn\u00e9 st\u011bn\u011b mohou m\u00edt vliv na to, jak snadno se \u010dist\u00ed. \u010cistic\u00ed prost\u0159edky a metody, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed pro jednu zd\u011bnou st\u011bnu, nemus\u00ed fungovat pro jinou. Krom\u011b toho je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat zv\u00fd\u0161enou pozornost st\u011bn\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 kombinuj\u00ed v\u00edce materi\u00e1l\u016f &#8211; jako je betonov\u00e1 zd\u011bn\u00e1 st\u011bna s p\u00e1sov\u00fdm hlin\u011bn\u00fdm zdivem.<\/p>\n<h2>Postup \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed betonov\u00fdch zd\u00ed. Jednotky betonov\u00e9ho zdiva<\/h2>\n<p>Tenk\u00e1 vrstva cementov\u00e9 pasty, kter\u00e1 vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m v\u00fdrobn\u00edm procesu betonov\u00e9ho zdiva, d\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm neboli nearchitektonick\u00fdm jednotk\u00e1m betonov\u00e9ho zdiva (CMU) pom\u011brn\u011b hladk\u00fd povrch. Tuto vrstvu lze odstranit agresivn\u00edmi \u010distic\u00edmi technikami, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se obna\u017e\u00ed kamenivo a zm\u011bn\u00ed se kone\u010dn\u00fd vzhled. Aby byl vzhled po \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed konzistentn\u00ed, m\u011blo by se ka\u017ed\u00e9 razantn\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bt d\u016fsledn\u011b po cel\u00e9m povrchu st\u011bny. N\u011bkdy se u jednotek s hladk\u00fdm povrchem po\u017eaduje tlakov\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 nebo abrazivn\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, aby se vytvo\u0159il pon\u011bkud strakat\u00fd vzhled \u201eom\u00fdvan\u00e9ho kamene\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Jednotky s brou\u0161en\u00fdm povrchem &#8211; zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako honovan\u00e9 nebo le\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 jednotky &#8211; se po v\u00fdrob\u011b le\u0161t\u00ed, aby vznikl hladk\u00fd povrch, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 le\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed k\u00e1men. Povlaky, kter\u00e9 se \u010dasto aplikuj\u00ed pro zv\u00fdrazn\u011bn\u00ed barvy, mohou napom\u00e1hat \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee zabra\u0148uj\u00ed nas\u00e1knut\u00ed ne\u010distot a dal\u0161\u00edch ne\u010distot do povrchu. B\u011bhem v\u00fdstavby je t\u0159eba se sna\u017eit udr\u017eovat brou\u0161en\u00e9 jednotky \u010dist\u00e9 a zbaven\u00e9 skvrn od malty a trusu. Po d\u016fkladn\u00e9m vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed lze tyto jednotky v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby znovu uzav\u0159\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>Struktura ostatn\u00edch architektonick\u00fdch CMU, jako jsou d\u011blen\u00e9 l\u00edcov\u00e9, dr\u00e1\u017ekovan\u00e9 a tromlovan\u00e9 jednotky, se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed b\u011bhem v\u00fdroby a p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 prav\u00fd k\u00e1men. Tyto jednotky jsou tolerantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k m\u00edrn\u00fdm v\u00fdkv\u011bt\u016fm nebo jin\u00fdm zabarven\u00edm d\u00edky sv\u00e9 hrub\u00e9 struktu\u0159e, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 tendenci zakr\u00fdvat drobn\u00e1 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Pokud je nav\u00edc nutn\u00e9 abrazivn\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, je pro n\u011bj tato textura vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Trvale probarven\u00fd l\u00edc, obvykle vyroben\u00fd z polyesterov\u00fdch prysky\u0159ic, k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9ho p\u00edsku a dal\u0161\u00edch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed, se lep\u00ed na betonovou zdic\u00ed jednotku a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tak glazovan\u00e9 betonov\u00e9 zdic\u00ed jednotky. V\u00fdsledn\u00fdm produktem je hladk\u00fd, nepropustn\u00fd povrch, kter\u00fd je extr\u00e9mn\u011b odoln\u00fd proti skvrn\u00e1m a \u010distiteln\u00fd. \u0160mouhy a v\u00fdkaly z malty a sp\u00e1rovac\u00ed hmoty je t\u0159eba odstranit b\u011bhem v\u00fdstavby, dokud jsou je\u0161t\u011b snadno odstraniteln\u00e9, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo jejich \u00fapln\u00e9mu zatuhnut\u00ed na povrchu.<\/p>\n<p>Proto\u017ee malta m\u00e1 tendenci spl\u00fdvat, volba barvy podobn\u00e9 barv\u011b betonov\u00e9ho zdiva usnad\u0148uje odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161mouh od malty ze zdi. Proto\u017ee hladk\u00e9 nebo brou\u0161en\u00e9 jednotky mohou b\u00fdt n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 na \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, ani\u017e by se zm\u011bnil jejich vzhled, m\u011bla by b\u00fdt barva malty zvolena tak, aby odpov\u00eddala barv\u011b jednotky. U st\u011bn s kontrastn\u00ed barvou malty a zdic\u00ed jednotky m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutn\u00e9 d\u016frazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, aby se odstranila viditeln\u00e1 malta.<\/p>\n<p>Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee nejlep\u0161\u00ed je zadat maltu s nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed pevnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vyhov\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016fm projektu. Ne v\u017edy plat\u00ed, \u017ee malty s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pevnost\u00ed v tlaku a vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm obsahem cementu funguj\u00ed v ter\u00e9nu l\u00e9pe; ve skute\u010dnosti je \u010dast\u011bji pravdou opak. V porovn\u00e1n\u00ed se siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi maltami se malty s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed pevnost\u00ed v tlaku obvykle sn\u00e1ze odstra\u0148uj\u00ed z l\u00edce st\u011bny. Krom\u011b toho jsou malty s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed pevnost\u00ed l\u00e9pe zpracovateln\u00e9, co\u017e m\u00e1 tendenci zlep\u0161ovat kvalitu stavby. M\u011bjte na pam\u011bti, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 malty nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v ur\u010dit\u00fdch situac\u00edch povoleny k pou\u017eit\u00ed kv\u016fli stavebn\u00edm p\u0159edpis\u016fm. TEK 09-01A, Malty pro betonov\u00e9 zdivo (ref. 4) obsahuje podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace o malt\u00e1ch pro zd\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Postup \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed betonov\u00fdch zd\u00ed. \u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i stavb\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>Pou\u017eit\u00edm vhodn\u00fdch postup\u016f p\u0159i navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed, stavb\u011b a \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b lze p\u0159edej\u00edt mnoha skvrn\u00e1m nebo je omezit. Mno\u017estv\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho pro \u010derstv\u011b postavenou st\u011bnu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bno stavebn\u00edmi metodami. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017eit\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch technik sp\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee pomoci vyhnout se vyfouknut\u00ed sp\u00e1rovac\u00ed hmoty a s t\u00edm spojen\u00e9mu \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Po dokon\u010den\u00ed stavby je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt m\u00e9n\u011b razantn\u00ed techniky \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, pokud je zdivo udr\u017eov\u00e1no co nejsu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a nej\u010dist\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Kontrola v\u00fdkv\u011bt\u016f, skvrn od malty a sp\u00e1rovac\u00ed hmoty a v\u00fdkv\u011bt\u016f je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odhalen\u00e9ho betonov\u00e9ho zdiva b\u011bhem stavby. Kontrola a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkv\u011bt\u016f, TEK 08-03A (ref. 1), poskytuje vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed podrobnosti o stavebn\u00edch metod\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 sni\u017euj\u00ed v\u00fdskyt v\u00fdkv\u011bt\u016f. Doporu\u010den\u00ed pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdskytu skvrn od malty a injekt\u00e1\u017en\u00ed malty b\u011bhem v\u00fdstavby zahrnuj\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed (ref. 3, 6):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hrana hlad\u00edtka by m\u011bla b\u00fdt pou\u017eita k odsek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed malty, kter\u00e1 byla vytla\u010dena z maltov\u00fdch sp\u00e1r b\u011bhem ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed jednotek. Dbejte na to, aby malta p\u0159i tom nepadala na povrch st\u011bny a nerozmaz\u00e1vala se.<\/li>\n<li>Po prvn\u00edm zatuhnut\u00ed by m\u011bla b\u00fdt malta odstran\u011bna, pokud dopadne na betonovou zdic\u00ed jednotku nebo ji rozma\u017ee. P\u0159ed postaven\u00edm le\u0161en\u00ed je nejlep\u0161\u00ed st\u011bny o\u0159ezat a o\u010distit.<\/li>\n<li>Zejm\u00e9na u d\u011blen\u00fdch zdic\u00edch jednotek po\u010dkejte, a\u017e malta ztvrdne na otisk palce, a teprve potom od\u0159\u00edzn\u011bte maltov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edtky. Sp\u00e1ry by se tak\u00e9 nem\u011bly vy\u0159ez\u00e1vat, dokud nen\u00ed otisk prstu tvrd\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li>Po zaschnut\u00ed lze \u00fakapy malty, kter\u00e9 ulp\u00ed na obna\u017een\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch jednotek, se\u0161kr\u00e1bat pomoc\u00ed zednick\u00e9ho hlad\u00edtka nebo dl\u00e1ta. K odstran\u011bn\u00ed zbytk\u016f malty lze d\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edt kart\u00e1\u010d s pevn\u00fdmi vl\u00e1kny nebo \u0161t\u011btinami.<\/li>\n<li>Z le\u0161en\u00ed je t\u0159eba ob\u010das odstranit p\u0159ebyte\u010dnou maltu.<\/li>\n<li>Rozlitou maltu je t\u0159eba ihned odstranit kart\u00e1\u010dem a omyt\u00edm.<\/li>\n<li>Rozlo\u017een\u00ed plastov\u00fdch f\u00f3li\u00ed v d\u00e9lce 3 a\u017e 4 stopy (914 a\u017e 1 219 mm) na zemi vedle zdi a 2 a\u017e 3 stopy (609 a\u017e 914 mm) po l\u00edci zdi ochr\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu zdi p\u0159ed rozst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00edm bl\u00e1ta a \u00fakapy malty a sp\u00e1rovac\u00ed hmoty.<\/li>\n<li>Krom\u011b t\u011bchto doporu\u010den\u00ed by m\u011blo b\u00fdt \u010derstv\u011b postaven\u00e9 zdivo chr\u00e1n\u011bno p\u0159ed rozst\u0159ikem nebo jin\u00fdmi skvrnami zp\u016fsoben\u00fdmi bl\u00edzkou stavebn\u00ed \u010dinnost\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i betonov\u00e1n\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti a st\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed vytvrzovac\u00ed chemik\u00e1lie by m\u011bl b\u00fdt na zdivo polo\u017een plast.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Postup \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed betonov\u00fdch st\u011bn. PL\u00c1N POSTUPU \u010cI\u0160T\u011aN\u00cd<\/h2>\n<p>V z\u00e1vislosti na druhu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9m v\u00fdsledku je t\u0159eba pe\u010dliv\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eit \u010distic\u00ed roztok a postup \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed st\u011bny by m\u011bla b\u00fdt pou\u017eita co nejm\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1siln\u00e1 technika \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. P\u0159ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm se ujist\u011bte, \u017ee maltov\u00e9 sp\u00e1ry vyschly, aby nedo\u0161lo k po\u0161kozen\u00ed \u010distic\u00edm procesem.<\/p>\n<p>Techniky \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed mohou zm\u011bnit vzhled dokon\u010den\u00e9ho zdiva; obvykle se z povrchu jednotek odstran\u00ed alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1st cementov\u00e9 pasty. V d\u016fsledku toho je vid\u011bt v\u00edce kameniva, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit odst\u00edn. Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm agresivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je technika \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u00edce pasty je odstran\u011bno a t\u00edm je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee se zm\u011bn\u00ed vzhled zdi. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u00edskov\u00e1n\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zm\u011bn\u00ed vzhled v\u00edce ne\u017e ru\u010dn\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vodou a m\u00fddlem. Krom\u011b toho m\u011bjte na pam\u011bti, \u017ee v z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch proveden\u00fdch kroc\u00edch m\u016f\u017ee stejn\u00e1 technika \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e9st r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky. V\u00fdsledky p\u00edskov\u00e1n\u00ed pod ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm tlakem se budou li\u0161it od v\u00fdsledk\u016f p\u00edskov\u00e1n\u00ed pod vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm tlakem. Op\u011bt je t\u0159eba zvolit nejm\u00e9n\u011b drsnou techniku \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 bude vyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vyhodnotit \u00fa\u010dinnost \u010distic\u00edch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed a postup\u016f pro dan\u00fd typ odstra\u0148ovan\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, jejich potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed dopad na v\u00fdsledn\u00fd vzhled zdiva a dohodnutou \u00farove\u0148 \u010distoty, m\u011bly by b\u00fdt nejprve aplikov\u00e1ny na vzorov\u00fd panel nebo diskr\u00e9tn\u00ed oblast. Pro posouzen\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f po \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed by m\u011bl b\u00fdt vzorov\u00fd panel pozorov\u00e1n p\u0159i rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9m osv\u011btlen\u00ed ze vzd\u00e1lenosti 20 stop (6 096 mm).<\/p>\n<p>Pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotn\u00e9ho vzhledu je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, aby bylo ve\u0161ker\u00e9 zdivo \u010di\u0161t\u011bno stejnou technikou bez ohledu na zvolenou metodu \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. To zahrnuje m\u00edru \u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed, metodu kart\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed\/\u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed, dobu zdr\u017een\u00ed, opakovan\u00e9 nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, postup oplachov\u00e1n\u00ed atd. Stejn\u011b tak je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vyhnout se \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00ed, proto\u017ee by to mohlo m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek i nerovnom\u011brn\u00fd vzhled.<\/p>\n<p>Mezi materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 by mohly b\u00fdt po\u0161kozeny kontaktem s n\u011bkter\u00fdmi odstra\u0148ova\u010di skvrn nebo fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edmi technikami \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, pat\u0159\u00ed sklo, kov, d\u0159evo, architektonick\u00fd beton nebo betonov\u00e9 zdivo a ve\u0161ker\u00e9 ter\u00e9nn\u00ed \u00fapravy, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti oblasti, kterou je t\u0159eba vy\u010distit. Je t\u0159eba dodr\u017eovat doporu\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdrobce \u010distic\u00edho prost\u0159edku, proto\u017ee postup \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovliv\u0148uje oblast, kterou je t\u0159eba chr\u00e1nit, a stupe\u0148 ochrany.<\/p>\n<p>Aby se sn\u00ed\u017eila dal\u0161\u00ed absorpce vlhkosti nebo zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, m\u011bl by b\u00fdt povrch opat\u0159en vodoodpudiv\u00fdm prost\u0159edkem, jakmile to podm\u00ednky dovol\u00ed po vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed st\u011bny.<\/p>\n<h2>Postup \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed betonov\u00fdch st\u011bn. Metody \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Techniky \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed betonov\u00e9ho zdiva lze obecn\u011b rozd\u011blit do \u010dty\u0159 skupin: chemick\u00e9, abrazivn\u00ed, vodn\u00ed a ru\u010dn\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed (ref. 2). Pro zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vlivu \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed by m\u011bl b\u00fdt jakoukoli technikou vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn vzorov\u00fd panel nebo nepov\u0161imnut\u00e1 oblast budovy.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rukama<\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159i stavb\u011b se k \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, jako je hlad\u00edtko, dl\u00e1to, kart\u00e1\u010d s vl\u00e1kny nebo kart\u00e1\u010d s tuh\u00fdmi \u0161t\u011btinami, brusn\u00fd blok nebo rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd kus zdiva. Proto\u017ee kart\u00e1\u010de s ocelov\u00fdmi vl\u00e1kny mohou zanech\u00e1vat kovov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice, kter\u00e9 by mohly zp\u016fsobit rezav\u011bn\u00ed a zabarven\u00ed kamenick\u00e9ho zdiva, nem\u011bly by se pou\u017e\u00edvat.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vodou<\/h2>\n<p>Drhnut\u00ed vodou se sapon\u00e1tem, nam\u00e1\u010den\u00ed ve vod\u011b, \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u00e1rou nebo tlakov\u00e9 myt\u00ed jsou p\u0159\u00edklady \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vodou. P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed technik \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vodou by m\u011blo b\u00fdt vyu\u017eito co nejmen\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed vody pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k d\u016fkladn\u00e9mu vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zdi, proto\u017ee jak\u00e1koli voda, kter\u00e1 pronikne do zdi, by mohla podpo\u0159it vznik v\u00fdkv\u011bt\u016f. Dal\u0161\u00ed informace naleznete v \u010d\u00e1sti Kontrola a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkv\u011bt\u016f, TEK 08-03A (ref. 1).<\/p>\n<p>Drhnut\u00ed nenat\u0159en\u00fdch st\u011bn vodou s mal\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm \u010distic\u00edho prost\u0159edku je obvykle dosta\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed. Tato technika \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nen\u00ed agresivn\u00ed a obvykle nezm\u011bn\u00ed vzhled kamenn\u00e9ho zdiva. Vzhledem k pracnosti v\u0161ak nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt pro rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 regiony ekonomicky v\u00fdhodn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Nejprve pomoc\u00ed such\u00e9ho kart\u00e1\u010de odstra\u0148te ve\u0161kerou hl\u00ednu nebo ne\u010distoty. Proto\u017ee by p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dky ponechan\u00e9 na povrchu kamene mohly zp\u016fsobit jeho korozi a zabarven\u00ed, nem\u011bly by se pou\u017e\u00edvat kart\u00e1\u010de s ocelov\u00fdm dr\u00e1tem. Lep\u0161\u00ed je pou\u017e\u00edvat nekovov\u00e9 kart\u00e1\u010de, jako jsou nylonov\u00e9 nebo z tuh\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken. N\u00e1nosy ne\u010distot se zv\u011bt\u0161uj\u00ed, kdy\u017e se namo\u010d\u00ed do vody, co\u017e oslabuje jejich p\u0159ilnavost ke zdivu pod nimi a umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich odplaven\u00ed vodou. Op\u011bt plat\u00ed, \u017ee pokud jsou hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem v\u00fdkv\u011bty, nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt tento postup vhodn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>V chladn\u00e9m po\u010das\u00ed nebo na mastn\u00fdch povr\u0161\u00edch pom\u00e1h\u00e1 oh\u0159\u00e1t\u00e1 voda. Tepl\u00e1 voda by se v\u0161ak nem\u011bla pou\u017e\u00edvat u alkalick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek p\u0159i teplot\u00e1ch vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e 71 \u00b0C (160 \u00b0C). Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hork\u00e9 vody s kysel\u00fdmi \u010distic\u00edmi prost\u0159edky nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd znateln\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos (ref. 2).<\/p>\n<p>Aby se zabr\u00e1nilo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed agresivn\u00edch chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, vol\u00ed se pro projekty obnovy zdiva \u010dasto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro tlakov\u00e9 myt\u00ed. To m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed povrchu \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed tlak vody je nutn\u00fd, aby nedo\u0161lo k vtla\u010den\u00ed vody do zdi, co\u017e by mohlo m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek vznik v\u00fdkv\u011bt\u016f. M\u011bjte na pam\u011bti, \u017ee vysok\u00fd tlak by mohl zm\u011bnit kone\u010dn\u00fd vzhled nebo po\u0161kodit kamenick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce. Nejd\u016fsledn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f dos\u00e1hnete p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed konstantn\u00edho tlaku a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edem stanoven\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti od st\u011bny. P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed vysokotlak\u00e9ho \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed se doporu\u010duje:<\/p>\n<p>Tlak je t\u0159eba udr\u017eovat v rozmez\u00ed 400 a\u017e 600 psi (2,76 a\u017e 4,14 MPa); hrot p\u0159\u00edruby mus\u00ed b\u00fdt sp\u00ed\u0161e \u0161irok\u00fd ne\u017e \u0161pi\u010dat\u00fd; hrot mus\u00ed b\u00fdt udr\u017eov\u00e1n ve vzd\u00e1lenosti nejm\u00e9n\u011b 12 palc\u016f (305 mm) od povrchu zdiva; a post\u0159ik mus\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159ovat pod \u00fahlem 45 stup\u0148\u016f ke zdi, nikoli kolmo na ni. Drhnut\u00ed lze tak\u00e9 kombinovat s tlakov\u00fdm myt\u00edm. Aplikace kart\u00e1\u010dem vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed m\u00edrn\u00e9 m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zlep\u0161uje celkov\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a umo\u017e\u0148uje minim\u00e1ln\u00ed oplachov\u00e1n\u00ed tlakem.<\/p>\n<p>Tlakov\u00e9 myt\u00ed v podstat\u011b nahradilo \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u00e1rou. \u00da\u010dinek zm\u011bk\u010den\u00ed a uvoln\u011bn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stic oleje a ne\u010distot se v\u0161ak zvy\u0161uje p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm tepla do vody, co\u017e usnad\u0148uje jejich oplachov\u00e1n\u00ed. V z\u00e1vislosti na p\u0159\u00edstroji se p\u00e1ra obvykle vyr\u00e1b\u00ed v bleskov\u00e9m kotli a sm\u011b\u0159uje proti st\u011bn\u011b pomoc\u00ed h\u016flky pod tlakem od 10 do 80 psi (69 a\u017e 552 kPa). \u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u00e1rou je pomalej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e myt\u00ed tlakem, ale je m\u00e9n\u011b razantn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pomoc\u00ed chemik\u00e1li\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Existuje \u0159ada patentovan\u00fdch \u010distic\u00edch roztok\u016f pro betonov\u00e9 zdivo; pro navr\u017een\u00e9 vhodn\u00e9 produkty se obra\u0165te na v\u00fdrobce betonov\u00e9ho zdiva. P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159edem nam\u00edchan\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed se vyhnete mnoha mo\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm, v\u010detn\u011b probl\u00e9m\u016f spojen\u00fdch s kombinac\u00ed reaktivn\u00edch slou\u010denin. Nav\u00edc jsou kombinov\u00e1ny ve spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed pro bezpe\u010dnou aplikaci na zdivo. Pro ochranu u\u017eivatele a zdiva, jako\u017e i pro zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9mu nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9mu v\u00fdtoku je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b db\u00e1t na pokyny v\u00fdrobce.<\/p>\n<p>Chemick\u00e9 povrchov\u011b aktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tky napom\u00e1haj\u00ed rozpou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ne\u010distot, aby mohly b\u00fdt odstran\u011bny b\u011bhem posledn\u00edho oplachov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed vodn\u00edch myc\u00edch metod. P\u0159ed pou\u017eit\u00edm chemick\u00fdch \u010distic\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f mus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 povrchy d\u016fkladn\u011b p\u0159edm\u00e1\u010deny n\u00edzk\u00fdm tlakem vody (maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 30 a\u017e 50 psi, 207 a\u017e 345 kPa). \u010cistic\u00ed prost\u0159edky mus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u0159ed\u011bny podle pokyn\u016f v\u00fdrobce a aplika\u010dn\u00ed tlaky by m\u011bly b\u00fdt udr\u017eov\u00e1ny na minimu.<\/p>\n<p>Po aplikaci \u010distic\u00edho chemick\u00e9ho prost\u0159edku by m\u011bla b\u00fdt st\u011bna d\u016fkladn\u011b opl\u00e1chnuta \u010derstvou vodou, nejl\u00e9pe pod m\u00edrn\u00fdm tlakem, ale v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby i pod vysok\u00fdm tlakem, s pou\u017eit\u00edm bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed uveden\u00fdch v \u010d\u00e1sti \u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vodou.<\/p>\n<p>A\u010dkoli je chemick\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u010dasto \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a ekonomi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e myt\u00ed tlakem, m\u016f\u017ee se jednat o siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed techniku. A\u010dkoli tento proces m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit kone\u010dn\u00fd vzhled st\u011bny, p\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m proveden\u00ed jsou \u00fa\u010dinky konzistentn\u00ed v cel\u00e9 st\u011bn\u011b. K aplikaci chemick\u00fdch \u010distic\u00edch roztok\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvejte kart\u00e1\u010de s m\u011bkk\u00fdmi vl\u00e1kny nebo n\u00edzkotlak\u00fd rozpra\u0161ova\u010d (m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 50 psi, 345 kPa).<\/p>\n<p>Betonov\u00e9 zdivo lze \u010distit chemick\u00fdmi \u010distic\u00edmi roztoky, ani\u017e by do\u0161lo k po\u0161kozen\u00ed povrchu; nepou\u017e\u00edvejte ne\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9 nebo neva\u0159en\u00e9 kyseliny. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee kyseliny naru\u0161uj\u00ed cementovou matrici na povrchu zdiva a mohou po\u0161kodit p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed vodoodpudiv\u00e9 l\u00e1tky na povrchu, m\u011bly by se i z\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9 kyseliny pou\u017e\u00edvat opatrn\u011b a pouze po \u00fapln\u00e9m p\u0159edchoz\u00edm navlh\u010den\u00ed st\u011bny. T\u00edm se zm\u011bn\u00ed barva a struktura zdiva, proto\u017ee se l\u00edcn\u00ed strana stane por\u00e9zn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a odhal\u00ed se v\u00edce kameniva. Kyseliny mohou tak\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017eit vodoodpudivost na povrchu zdiva, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 integrovan\u00fd vodoodpudiv\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Pou\u017eit\u00ed kyselin pod tlakem se nikdy nedoporu\u010duje. Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010distic\u00ed prost\u0159edek je t\u0159eba pova\u017eovat za kysel\u00fd, pokud je jeho pH ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 4 nebo 5. Krom\u011b toho je t\u0159eba extr\u00e9mn\u011b alkalick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravky d\u016fkladn\u011b opl\u00e1chnout a neutralizovat kysel\u00fdm n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm oplachem; pokud jsou alkalick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky st\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edtomny, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm d\u016fsledkem tvorba v\u00fdkv\u011bt\u016f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pomoc\u00ed kapaliny BETOFF-B<\/h2>\n<p>Tento inovativn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravek snadno vy\u010dist\u00ed jakoukoli betonovou st\u011bnu nebo betonov\u00fd povrch. Sta\u010d\u00ed jej nan\u00e9st, rozet\u0159\u00edt \u0161t\u011btcem s m\u011bkk\u00fdmi \u0161t\u011btinami a pot\u00e9 v\u0161echny ne\u010distoty sm\u00fdt vodou. Je to tak jednoduch\u00e9 a tak \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9!<\/p>\n<h2>\u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed abrazivem<\/h2>\n<p>Nejextr\u00e9mn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed technikou \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed abrazivem, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je sp\u00ed\u0161e odstranit vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed <a href=\"http:\/\/betolix.es\/\">vrstvu<\/a> zdiva, ve kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed <a href=\"http:\/\/betolix.pl\/\">skvrna<\/a>, ne\u017e sm\u00fdt povrchov\u00e9 ne\u010distoty. Z <a href=\"http:\/\/betolix.it\/\">tohoto<\/a> d\u016fvodu by ji nem\u011bly vyu\u017e\u00edvat , brou\u0161en\u00e9 jednotky, jejich\u017e povrch je le\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd a hladk\u00fd. Term\u00edn \u201eabrazivn\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed\u201c obvykle ozna\u010duje trysk\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00edskem, n\u011bkdy zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako \u201ep\u00edskov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c, i kdy\u017e zahrnuje <a href=\"http:\/\/betoff.dk\/\">techniky<\/a> zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed brusn\u00e9 kotou\u010de, brusn\u00e9 kotou\u010de a brusn\u00e9 p\u00e1sy. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00fd p\u00edsek je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za dr\u00e1\u017ediv\u00fd, je jeho <a href=\"http:\/\/betoff.nl\/\">pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/a> na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech <a href=\"http:\/\/betoff.dk\/\">omezeno<\/a>, nicm\u00e9n\u011b existuje \u0159ada alternativn\u00edch tryskac\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 lze pou\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00edskov\u00e1n\u00ed lze prov\u00e1d\u011bt i za chladn\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed, proto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o such\u00fd postup, kter\u00fd nepodporuje vznik v\u00fdkv\u011bt\u016f. P\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupu p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed tento postup \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed konzistentn\u00ed v\u00fdsledek v cel\u00e9 plo\u0161e st\u011bny, stejn\u011b jako tlakov\u00e9 <a href=\"http:\/\/betoff.de\/\">chemick\u00e9<\/a> \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i <a href=\"http:\/\/betoff.fi\/\">pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/a> abrazivn\u00edch metod \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je nutn\u00e1 opatrnost, proto\u017ee nadm\u011brn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b zm\u011bnit odolnost, <a href=\"http:\/\/betoff.eu\/en\">vzhled<\/a>, a vodot\u011bsnost zdiva. Odhalen\u00edm kameniva nebo zdrsn\u011bn\u00edm povrchu m\u016f\u017ee p\u00edskov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bnit vzhled zdiva. U d\u011blen\u00fdch blok\u016f je to men\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m. Proto\u017ee p\u00edskov\u00e1n\u00ed zvy\u0161uje p\u00f3rovitost povrchu, m\u016f\u017ee <a href=\"http:\/\/betoff.se\/\">n\u011bkdy<\/a> urychlit jeho degradaci. P\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00edskov\u00e1n\u00ed je nezbytn\u00e9 prov\u00e9st p\u0159edb\u011b\u017enou zkou\u0161ku pomoc\u00ed vzorov\u00e9 desky.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u011bk\u010d\u00ed abraziva<\/h2>\n<p>Pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9ho po\u0161kozen\u00ed lze pou\u017e\u00edt m\u011bk\u010d\u00ed abraziva, jako jsou drcen\u00e9 kuku\u0159i\u010dn\u00e9 slupky, sko\u0159\u00e1pky vla\u0161sk\u00fdch o\u0159ech\u016f nebo sklen\u011bn\u00e9 \u010di plastov\u00e9 kuli\u010dky. Tato metoda, b\u011b\u017en\u011b ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 jako mikropeeling, je pomalej\u0161\u00ed, dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed a obvykle nen\u00ed vhodn\u00e1 pro rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 projekty \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Je nutn\u00e9 nosit ochrann\u00fd od\u011bv a v\u00fdstroj, nap\u0159\u00edklad autorizovan\u00fd respir\u00e1tor pod kuklou. Do proudu vzduchu se zrny se na trysce p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 voda, aby se odstranila v\u011bt\u0161ina prachu, kter\u00fd vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i such\u00e9m p\u00edskov\u00e1n\u00ed. Vy\u017eaduje se stejn\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 v\u00fdbava a od\u011bv jako p\u0159i such\u00e9m procesu, proto\u017ee men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice st\u00e1le p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed riziko. Opl\u00e1chnut\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho povrchu po trysk\u00e1n\u00ed je dal\u0161\u00edm krokem, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje mokr\u00e1 metoda.<\/p>\n<p>Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edve nanesen\u00e9 vod\u011bodoln\u00e9 povrchov\u00e9 n\u00e1t\u011bry je nutn\u00e9 po abrazivn\u00edm \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed znovu nan\u00e9st, proto\u017ee p\u00edskov\u00e1n\u00ed je odstra\u0148uje.<\/p>\n<h2>KONE\u010cN\u00c9 V\u00ddSLEDKY<\/h2>\n<p>Betonov\u00e9 zdic\u00ed moduly se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch povrchov\u00fdch \u00faprav\u00e1ch, nap\u0159\u00edklad glazovan\u00e9, d\u011blen\u00e9 a brou\u0161en\u00e9. Obvykle atraktivn\u00ed vzhled staveb z betonov\u00e9ho zdiva mohou po letech p\u016fsoben\u00ed zne\u010distit ne\u010distoty z ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a z procesu v\u00fdstavby, nap\u0159\u00edklad pruhy malty. K osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdm technik\u00e1m \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed abrazivn\u00ed trysk\u00e1n\u00ed, voda, chemick\u00e9 o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a ru\u010dn\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdrobci CMU nab\u00edzej\u00ed poradenstv\u00ed v oblasti \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed; v jin\u00fdch situac\u00edch m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt kvalifikovan\u00fd odborn\u00edk schopen nab\u00eddnout n\u00e1vod na nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed techniky \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. \u010cistic\u00ed prost\u0159edky a metody jsou testov\u00e1ny v ter\u00e9nu, co\u017e pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zaru\u010dit zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-43441 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/betoff.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BETOFF-B-5L-221x300.png\" alt=\"Postup \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed betonov\u00fdch st\u011bn\" width=\"221\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/betoff.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BETOFF-B-5L-221x300.png 221w, https:\/\/betoff.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BETOFF-B-5L-753x1024.png 753w, https:\/\/betoff.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BETOFF-B-5L-768x1045.png 768w, https:\/\/betoff.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BETOFF-B-5L-1129x1536.png 1129w, https:\/\/betoff.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BETOFF-B-5L-1506x2048.png 1506w, https:\/\/betoff.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BETOFF-B-5L-510x694.png 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 221px) 100vw, 221px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Postup \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed betonov\u00fdch st\u011bn. Vedle vlastnost\u00ed, jako je pevnost konstrukce, dlouh\u00e1 \u017eivotnost, po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed odolnost, akustick\u00e9 vlastnosti a nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba, jsou budovy z betonov\u00e9ho zdiva neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b kr\u00e1sn\u00e9. Kr\u00e1su betonov\u00e9ho zdiva lze udr\u017eet spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm jak b\u011bhem v\u00fdstavby, tak po celou dobu \u017eivotnosti budovy. Dob\u0159e navr\u017een\u00e1 a postaven\u00e1 zd\u011bn\u00e1 st\u011bna vy\u017eaduje jen velmi malou \u00fadr\u017ebu, i kdy\u017e [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43901","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-okategoriserad"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Postup \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed betonov\u00fdch st\u011bn - BETOFF-Produkty pro sv\u011bt betonu i mimo n\u011bj!<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Postup \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed betonov\u00fdch st\u011bn.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/betoff.eu\/cs\/postup-cisteni-betonovych-sten\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Postup \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed betonov\u00fdch st\u011bn - BETOFF-Produkty pro sv\u011bt betonu i mimo n\u011bj!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Postup \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed betonov\u00fdch st\u011bn.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/betoff.eu\/cs\/postup-cisteni-betonovych-sten\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BETOFF-Produkty pro sv\u011bt betonu i mimo n\u011bj!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-12-02T09:08:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-02T09:10:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/betoff.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BETOFF-B-5L.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2130\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2897\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napsal(a)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"17 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/betoff.eu\/cs\/postup-cisteni-betonovych-sten\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/betoff.eu\/cs\/postup-cisteni-betonovych-sten\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/betoff.eu\/#\/schema\/person\/cded67f1acad0c68af8dcc171137512c\"},\"headline\":\"Postup \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed betonov\u00fdch st\u011bn\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-12-02T09:08:54+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-02T09:10:34+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/betoff.eu\/cs\/postup-cisteni-betonovych-sten\/\"},\"wordCount\":3907,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/betoff.eu\/#\/schema\/person\/cded67f1acad0c68af8dcc171137512c\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/betoff.eu\/cs\/postup-cisteni-betonovych-sten\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/betoff.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/BETOFF-B-5L-221x300.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Okategoriserad\"],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/betoff.eu\/cs\/postup-cisteni-betonovych-sten\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/betoff.eu\/cs\/postup-cisteni-betonovych-sten\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/betoff.eu\/cs\/postup-cisteni-betonovych-sten\/\",\"name\":\"Postup \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed betonov\u00fdch st\u011bn - 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